The Development Of Electric Energy Meters
With the rapid development of my country's economy, the demand for electricity from all walks of life is increasing, and the phenomenon of uneven electricity consumption at different times is also becoming more and more serious. In order to alleviate the increasingly acute contradiction between electricity supply and demand in my country, adjust the load curve, and improve the imbalance of electricity consumption, fully implement the peak, flat, and valley time-of-use electricity price system, "cut peaks and fill valleys", and improve the country's electricity efficiency and reasonable Utilizing power resources, the power departments of some provinces and cities in China have gradually introduced multi-rate electric energy meters to charge users' power consumption in time-sharing.
In April 1995, the National Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, and the Ministry of Electric Power Industry jointly held a decision at the National Electricity Planning Work Conference in Shanghai. It will take 3-4 years to plan and step by step in all major power grids across the country. Fully implement the peak-valley time-of-use price system. The overall goal is to transfer 10% to 15% of peak power from each network, and to achieve transfer of 10 to 20 million kilowatts of peak power across the country. The scope of implementation is not only for industrial and commercial users, but also for non-industrial and agricultural power consumption. In areas where conditions permit, that is, residential areas where one household and one meter have been implemented, there will also be planned development of low electricity consumption and implementation of peak and valley electricity prices in order to increase the utilization rate of electric energy and improve the quality of electricity consumption of residents. Use different time periods and different billing standards for power users. Encourage power consumption during low periods.
In 1980, Henan Province first proposed to measure electric energy according to peak and valley time segments, and to promote reasonable, balanced and scientific electricity consumption by economic means, and then began to conduct pilot projects. Through practice, some valuable experience was initially explored. . Subsequently, Shanxi Province has successively conducted joint pilot projects in some power users using simple equipment.
From 1982 to 1985, many provinces, cities and regions across the country also successively implemented time-of-use metering of electric energy and a new charging system adapted to this, and achieved great results. Some large power grid bureaus also regard it as an important content of technological improvement and one of the important measures to develop scientific electricity use. So far, our country has stepped into the ranks of countries that use a variety of electricity prices as an auxiliary management method and control electricity load.
The first-generation quartz clock-controlled time-sharing watt-hour meter was mainly produced in the early days. This kind of electric energy meter drives the peak and valley electromagnetic counters respectively through wires connected to the quartz clock in various different periods, and respectively displays the peak, valley and total power. The peak and valley power is subtracted from the total power to obtain the normal period power. Due to the poor reliability of this time-sharing meter. The timing segmentation accuracy is too low (the minimum segmentation is 5min), it is susceptible to interference, time period adjustment is also more troublesome, the use function is single, and it cannot meet some special requirements in time-sharing billing. It has been basically eliminated and disabled.
The second generation of time-sharing watt-hour meter with mechatronics structure. This kind of electric energy meter adopts 1.0-level induction system electric energy meter movement as the basis, adopts infrared photoelectric converter, pulse output and central processing unit (CPU), single-chip circuit, and uses the attached keyboard programming or infrared wireless keyboard to carry out various demands. The settings of, clock, time period, and weekends can protect the display and storage of the maximum demand of this month, the maximum demand of the previous month, and the peak, flat, and valley maximum demand of this month. With pulse output and RS-232 serial communication port, it is convenient for remote data transmission and monitoring. The performance of the instrument is more precise and reliable, and the function can meet the current time-sharing billing needs of our country. The production process is relatively mature and the price is competitive. It is currently the most widely used generation product in China. But the fly in the ointment is that each manufacturer develops its own dedicated microcontroller, which has the disadvantages of poor product compatibility and difficult maintenance. Commonly used in this series of products are DF68, DF93, DTF33, DF86, DSF20, DIF2, DF32, DTF864, MRZ, DSD66, etc.
