Four Types of Photovoltaic Energy Storage Systems
Photovoltaic off-grid power generation systems operate independently without relying on the power grid, and are used in remote mountainous areas, powerless areas, islands, communication base stations and streetlamps. The system consists of a photovoltaic array, solar controller, inverter, battery pack, load, etc. The photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electric energy under the condition of light, and supplies power to the load through the solar control inverter integrated machine and charges the battery pack at the same time. When there is no light, the battery supplies power to the AC load through the inverter.
1. Photovoltaic off-grid power generation system
Photovoltaic off-grid power generation systems are specially designed for use in areas without power grids or areas with frequent power outages. They are rigid requirements. The off-grid system does not depend on the grid and is used while storing. For households in areas without power grids or areas with frequent power outages, off-grid systems are highly practical.
2. On/off-grid energy storage system
On/Off-grid photovoltaic power generation systems are widely used in areas with frequent power outages, or where photovoltaic self-consumption cannot be connected to the grid, the price of electricity for self-use is much more expensive than the price of on-grid electricity, and the price of peak electricity is much more expensive than that of valley electricity. The system consists of a photovoltaic square array composed of solar cell components, solar on-grid integrated machine, battery pack, load, etc. The photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electrical energy under the condition of light, and supplies power to the load through the solar control inverter integrated machine, and charges the battery pack at the same time. When there is no light, the battery will supply power to the solar control inverter integrated machine, and then supply power to the AC load.
Compared with the grid-connected power generation system, the off-grid system adds charge and discharge controllers and batteries, and the system cost increases by about 30%, but the application range is wider. First, it can be set to output the rated power when the electricity price peaks to reduce electricity expenses. The second is to charge at the valley section of the electricity price, discharge at the peak section, and save money by using the difference between the peak and valley price. Third, when the power grid is out of power, the photovoltaic system continues to work as a backup power supply, the inverter can be switched to the off-grid working mode, and the photovoltaic and battery can supply power to the load through the inverter.
3. Photovoltaic grid-connected energy storage system
The grid-connected energy storage photovoltaic power generation system can store excess power generation and increase the proportion of self-generated self-consumption. The system consists of a photovoltaic array composed of solar cell components, a solar controller, a battery pack, a grid-connected inverter, a current detection device, and a load. When the solar power is less than the load power, the system is powered by the solar energy and the grid together. When the solar power is greater than the load power, a part of the solar energy supplies power to the load, and a part is stored by the controller.
In some countries and regions, if a photovoltaic system was installed before, and the photovoltaic subsidy was cancelled later, a grid-connected energy storage system can be installed, so that photovoltaic power generation can be completely self-generated and used by itself. The grid-connected energy storage machine can be compatible with inverters of various manufacturers, and the original system can be unchanged. When the current sensor detects that there is current flowing to the grid, the grid-connected energy storage machine starts to work and stores the excess energy in the battery. If the battery is also full, the electric water heater can be turned on. When the household load increases at night, the battery can be controlled to send electricity to the load through the inverter.
4. Microgrid energy storage system
The microgrid system is composed of solar cell array, grid-connected inverter, PCS bidirectional converter, intelligent switch, battery bank, generator, load, etc. The photovoltaic array converts solar energy into electrical energy under the condition of light, supplies power to the load through the inverter, and charges the battery pack through the PCS bidirectional converter. When there is no light, the battery supplies power to the load through the PCS bidirectional converter.
The microgrid can fully and effectively exert the potential of distributed clean energy, reduce the unfavorable factors such as small capacity, unstable power generation, and low reliability of independent power supply, and ensure the safe operation of the power grid, which is a useful supplement to the large power grid. Microgrid can promote the upgrading of traditional industries, and can play a huge role in economic and environmental protection. Experts said that the application of microgrid is flexible, and the scale can range from several kilowatts to tens of megawatts. Microgrids can be developed in factories and mines, hospitals and schools, as small as a building.
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