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Propagation Characteristics from Very Long Wave to Long Wave

From extremely long wave (frequency 3Hz-30Hz) to even long wave (3kHz-30kHz), it mainly propagates long distances along the earth's surface (also known as ground wave propagation) and has good propagation characteristics in ground and water. They are mainly used in submarine communication, underwater navigation, underground communication, geological exploration, international long-distance radio navigation, and other services.


Long waves (30kHz-300kHz), mainly travel along the Earth's surface. Generally speaking, ground waves can travel up to 200-300 kilometers and can reach 2000-3000 kilometers or even further when propagating along the water surface or increasing the transmit power. Due to the relatively stable propagation, electromagnetic waves in this frequency band are mainly used in long-distance radio navigation, standard frequency and time signal broadcasting, and ionospheric research.


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