History and Classification of Electric Energy Meters (1)
History of Electricity Meters, Classification of Electricity Meters
The watt-hour meter is a very common device, and its use is known to everyone, so the following editor will tell you the history and the classification of the watt-hour meter.
1. History of Electricity Meters
With the rapid development of my country's economy, the demand for electricity in all walks of life is increasing, and the phenomenon of unbalanced electricity consumption at different times is becoming more and more serious. To alleviate the increasingly sharp contradiction between power supply and demand in my country, adjust the load curve, and improve the phenomenon of unbalanced power consumption, the system of time-of-use electricity prices for peak, flat, and valley will be fully implemented, to improve the efficiency of electricity consumption across the country and make rational use of power resources. The electric power departments of some domestic provinces and cities have begun to gradually introduce multi-rate electric energy meters to charge users' electricity consumption over time.
In April 1995, the State Planning Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission, and the Ministry of Electric Power Industry jointly held the National Electricity Planning Work Conference in Shanghai and decided that it would take 3 to 4 years to implement plans and steps in major power grids across the country. Fully implement the peak-valley time-of-use price system. The overall goal is to transfer 10-15% of the peak power in each network and realize the transfer of 10-20 million kilowatts of peak power nationwide. The scope of implementation is not only for industrial and commercial users but also for non-industrial and agricultural power consumption. In areas where conditions permit, that is, residential electricity consumption areas where one household and one meter have been implemented, there will also be planned development of low-valley electricity consumption, and peak-valley electricity prices will be implemented to improve the utilization rate of electricity and improve the quality of electricity consumption for residents. Different periods and different billing standards are used for power users. Encourage electricity consumption during trough periods.
In 1980, Henan first put forward the proposal to measure electric energy according to peak and valley times, promote rational, balanced, and scientific electricity consumption by economic means, and then began to carry out pilot projects. Through practice, some valuable experiences were initially explored. . Subsequently, Shanxi Province has successively conducted joint pilot projects in some power-consuming units using simple equipment.
From 1982 to 1985, many provinces, cities, and regions across the country also successively implemented time-of-use metering of electric energy and a new charging system adapted to it and achieved great results. Some large power grid bureaus also regard it as an important part of technological improvement and one of the important measures to carry out scientific electricity use. So far, my country has entered the ranks of countries that use a variety of electricity prices as auxiliary management means and control electricity load.
The first-generation quartz clock-controlled time-sharing electric energy meter was mainly produced in the early days. This kind of electric energy meter connects the quartz clock with various periods to drive the peak and valley electromagnetic counters, respectively and displays the peak, valley electricity, and total electricity respectively. Due to the poor reliability of this time-of-use billing energy meter. Timing segmentation accuracy is too low (minimum segmentation is 5min), easy to be disturbed, period adjustment is also troublesome, single-use function, cannot meet some special requirements in time-of-use billing, has been eliminated and disabled.
The second-generation time-sharing electric energy meter with mechatronics structure. This kind of electric energy meter is based on the 1.0-level induction electric energy meter movement and adopts an infrared photoelectric converter, pulse output, central processing unit (CPU), and single-chip circuit. Use the included keyboard programming or infrared wireless keyboard to set various demands, clocks, periods, weekends, and weekends. It can protect the display and storage of the maximum demand of this month, the maximum demand of the previous month, and the peak, flat, and valley of this month. With pulse output and RS-232 serial communication port, it is convenient for remote data transmission and monitoring. The performance of the instrument is relatively precise and reliable, the function can meet the current time-sharing billing requirements in my country, the production process is relatively mature, and the price is competitive. It is the most widely used generation of products in China. However, the fly in the ointment is that each manufacturer develops its dedicated single-chip microcomputer, which has the disadvantages of poor product compatibility and difficult maintenance.
