Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic waves are electromagnetic fields that propagate in waves. In free space, it consists of electric and magnetic fields whose magnitudes are proportional and perpendicular to each other, moving in the form of waves whose propagation direction is perpendicular to the plane formed by the electric and magnetic fields. Electromagnetic waves have a fixed velocity in a vacuum, the speed of which is the speed of light. In addition to the continuous wave state, electromagnetic waves can also exist in discrete forms. When the wavelength is shortened to the range of visible light, the electromagnetic waves exhibit wave-particle duality, both wave, and particle. If the wavelength is further shortened (e.g. gamma rays), it mainly exhibits a particle nature.
Arranging the corresponding electromagnetic waves in the order of wavelength or frequency is the electromagnetic spectrum. According to the length of wavelength, frequency, and wave source, the electromagnetic spectrum can be roughly divided into radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays.
The lower the frequency of electromagnetic waves, the longer the wavelength, the stronger the diffraction ability, and the longer the propagation distance, but the natural and human interference is also more serious. Conversely, the higher the frequency of the electromagnetic wave, the lower the diffraction ability and the shorter the propagation distance. The penetration, reflection, refraction, and scattering of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies when encountering obstacles of different nature and sizes have different effects on the propagation effect. These characteristics determine that electromagnetic waves of different frequencies have great differences in the propagation mode and application fields.
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